Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that does not allow the germination of an intact viable seed under favorable environmental conditions.Non-dormant seeds or seeds with low level of dormancy can germinate readily under optimal environmental conditions, and such a trait leads to preharvest sprouting, germination of seeds on the mother plant prior to
The secreted PAMP-induced peptide StPIP1_1 activates immune responses in potato
Abstract Treatment of potato plants with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pep-13 leads to the activation of more than 1200 genes.One of these, StPIP1_1, encodes a protein of 76 amino acids with sequence homology to PAMP-induced secreted peptides (PIPs) from Arabidopsis thaliana.Expression of StPIP1_1 is also induced in response to infectio
A comparative seismic fragility analysis of a multi and single component beam-column joint models
Reliable quantification of joint flexibility of non-ductile RC frames is critical for seismic vulnerability assessment.The issue of super-element joint models causing numerical divergence in non-linear time history analysis of reinforced ORG MACA PWD concrete frames is investigated.The rigid joint assumption and a single rotational spring model are